Single body-coupled fiber enables chipless textile electronics.

Intelligent textiles provide an ideal platform for merging technology into daily routines. However, current textile electronic systems often rely on rigid silicon components, which limits seamless integration, energy efficiency, and comfort. Chipless electronic systems still face digital logic challenges owing to the lack of dynamic energy-switching carriers. We propose a chipless body-coupled energy interaction mechanism for ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting and wireless signal transmission through a single fiber. The fiber itself enables wireless visual-digital interactions without the need for extra chips or batteries on textiles. Because all of the electronic assemblies are merged in a miniature fiber, this facilitates scalable fabrication and compatibility with modern weaving techniques, thereby enabling versatile and intelligent clothing. We propose a strategy that may address the problems of silicon-based textile systems.

Design of liquid level detection circuit based on sampling probe structure capacitance.

Liquid level detection system is an essential core functional component of automatic clinical medical testing instrument. The conventional liquid level detection method has low detection accuracy and sensitivity, and may have the problem of false detection, which may lead to the inaccurate test results. This paper presents a high sensitivity liquid level detection system based on the principle of variable capacitance. When the sampling probe contacts the liquid level, the probe capacitance will change. The liquid level detection circuit board judges whether the probe contacts the liquid level by sensing the change of probe capacitance. When judging the liquid level signal, the combination of slope detection and amplitude detection is used. The liquid level detection circuit board takes the phase-locked loop(PLL) circuit as the center to detect the change of the capacitance. The reference signal of the PLL is set as a square wave of 375kHz. The double tube probe is used as a part of the tuning capacitor of the voltage controlled oscillator to control the frequency of the output signal, which can realize the rapid phase locking. The experimental results show that the system has accurate detection results, high sensitivity, stable and reliable operation, good dynamic response performance in the case of large and small liquid volume. Compared with other liquid level detection methods based on machine vision, ultrasonic, optics and so on, the proposed liquid level detection system has simpler structure and lower cost, it can avoid the problems of collision, carryover contamination and empty suction by controlling the depth of sampling needle inserted into liquid.

Prototype development and evaluation of a hyperspectral lidar optical receiving system.

As a new type of active Earth observation technology, airborne hyperspectral lidar combines the advantages of traditional lidar 3D information acquisition and passive hyperspectral imaging technology, and it can achieve integrated imaging detection with a high spatial and hyperspectral resolution. Thus, it has become an important future direction of Earth surface remote sensing technology. This article introduces the design and development of an airborne hyperspectral imaging lidar system. The hyperspectral lidar adopts a focal plane splitting method, combined with an array of 168 optical fibers, to couple wide-spectral-range laser echo signals one by one to the corresponding single tube detector, achieving efficient splitting and precise coupling of supercontinuum laser pulse echo signals. This article proposes a fast synchronous calibration method that is suitable for hyperspectral imaging lidar systems. Results show that the spectral range of the hyperspectral lidar system is 400-900 nm, and the spectral resolution of single-fiber detection is greater than 3 nm. Notably, this article focuses on analyzing the abnormal detection channels based on the calibration results. With the test results of adjacent channels combined, the reason for the abnormal spectral bandwidth of channel 17 is analyzed as an example. This research points out the direction for verifying the design parameters of the hyperspectral lidar prototype and lays an important foundation for airborne flight test of the hyperspectral lidar.

Association between metabolic syndrome severity score and cardiovascular disease: results from a longitudinal cohort study on Chinese adults.

Objective: This study aimed to quantify the severity of metabolic syndrome(MetS) and investigate its association with cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk on Chinese adults. Methods: 13,500 participants from the Zhejiang Adult Chronic Disease Study were followed up between 2010 and 2021. A continuous MetS severity score derived from the five components of MetS was used to quantify MetS severity, and the association between MetS severity and the risk of incident CVD was assessed using Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline regression. Results: Both the presence and severity of MetS were strongly associated with CVD risk. MetS was related to an increased risk of CVD (hazard ratio(HR):1.700, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.380-2.094). Compared with the hazard ratio for CVD in the lowest quartile of the MetS severity score, that in the second, third, and highest quartiles were 1.812 (1.329-2.470), 1.746 (1.265-2.410), and 2.817 (2.015-3.938), respectively. A linear and positive dose-response relationship was observed between the MetS severity and CVD risk (P for non-linearity = 0.437). Similar results were found in various sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: The MetS severity score was significantly associated with CVD risk. Assessing MetS severity and further ensuring intervention measures according to the different severities of MetS may be more useful in preventing CVD.

Efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus lenvatinib as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Lenvatinib is widely used in treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC), but the benefit of its combination with immunotherapy needs to be verified. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus lenvatinib in systemic treatment-naïve patients with uHCC. METHODS: In this multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study, systemic treatment-naïve patients with uHCC received tislelizumab 200 mg every three weeks plus lenvatinib (bodyweight ≥ 60 kg: 12 mg; < 60 kg: 8 mg; once daily). Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were evaluated in safety run-in phase to determine whether to enter the expansion phase. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by independent review committee (IRC) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1). Based on Simon's two-stage design, > 6 responders were needed in stage 1 (n = 30) to continue the study, and ≥ 18 responders were needed by the end of stage 2 (n = 60) to demonstrate statistical superiority to a historical control of lenvatinib monotherapy. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were enrolled. No DLTs were reported. The study achieved statistical superiority (p = 0.0003) with 23 responders assessed by IRC per RECIST v1.1 in the first 60 patients of the efficacy evaluable analysis set (n = 62). After a median follow-up of 15.7 months, confirmed ORR and disease control rate were 38.7% (24/62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 26.6-51.9) and 90.3% (56/62, 95% CI, 80.1-96.4), respectively. Median progression-free survival was 8.2 months (95% CI, 6.8-not evaluable). Overall survival rate at 12 months was 88.6% (95% CI, 77.7-94.4). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 18 (28.1%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Tislelizumab plus lenvatinib demonstrated promising antitumor activity with favourable tolerability as first-line therapy for patients with uHCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04401800).

Efficacy and safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia: a prospective, single arm, phase I trial.

Patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) frequently encounter substantial bleeding risks and demonstrate limited responsiveness to existing therapies. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) present a promising alternative, capitalizing on their low immunogenicity and potent immunomodulatory effects for treating diverse autoimmune disorders. This prospective phase I trial enrolled eighteen eligible patients to explore the safety and efficacy of UC-MSCs in treating refractory ITP. The research design included administering UC-MSCs at escalating doses of 0.5 × 106 cells/kg, 1.0 × 106 cells/kg, and 2.0 × 106 cells/kg weekly for four consecutive weeks across three cohorts during the dose-escalation phase, followed by a dose of 2.0 × 106 cells/kg weekly for the dose-expansion phase. Adverse events, platelet counts, and changes in peripheral blood immunity were monitored and recorded throughout the administration and follow-up period. Ultimately, 12 (with an addition of three patients in the 2.0 × 106 cells/kg group due to dose-limiting toxicity) and six patients were enrolled in the dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase, respectively. Thirteen patients (13/18, 72.2%) experienced one or more treatment emergent adverse events. Serious adverse events occurred in four patients (4/18, 22.2%), including gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2/4), profuse menstruation (1/4), and acute myocardial infarction (1/4). The response rates were 41.7% in the dose-escalation phase (5/12, two received 1.0 × 106 cells/kg per week, and three received 2.0 × 106 cells/kg per week) and 50.0% (3/6) in the dose-expansion phase. The overall response rate was 44.4% (8/18) among all enrolled patients. To sum up, UC-MSCs are effective and well tolerated in treating refractory ITP (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04014166).

The regional disparities in liver disease comorbidity among elderly Chinese based on a health ecological model: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for liver disease comorbidity among older adults in eastern, central, and western China, and explored binary, ternary and quaternary co-morbid co-causal patterns of liver disease within a health ecological model. METHOD: Basic information from 9,763 older adults was analyzed using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). LASSO regression was employed to identify significant predictors in eastern, central, and western China. Patterns of liver disease comorbidity were studied using association rules, and spatial distribution was analyzed using a geographic information system. Furthermore, binary, ternary, and quaternary network diagrams were constructed to illustrate the relationships between liver disease comorbidity and co-causes. RESULTS: Among the 9,763 elderly adults studied, 536 were found to have liver disease comorbidity, with binary or ternary comorbidity being the most prevalent. Provinces with a high prevalence of liver disease comorbidity were primarily concentrated in Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, and Henan. The most common comorbidity patterns identified were "liver-heart-metabolic", "liver-kidney", "liver-lung", and "liver-stomach-arthritic". In the eastern region, important combination patterns included "liver disease-metabolic disease", "liver disease-stomach disease", and "liver disease-arthritis", with the main influencing factors being sleep duration of less than 6 h, frequent drinking, female, and daily activity capability. In the central region, common combination patterns included "liver disease-heart disease", "liver disease-metabolic disease", and "liver disease-kidney disease", with the main influencing factors being an education level of primary school or below, marriage, having medical insurance, exercise, and no disabilities. In the western region, the main comorbidity patterns were "liver disease-chronic lung disease", "liver disease-stomach disease", "liver disease-heart disease", and "liver disease-arthritis", with the main influencing factors being general or poor health satisfaction, general or poor health condition, severe pain, and no disabilities. CONCLUSION: The comorbidities associated with liver disease exhibit specific clustering patterns at both the overall and local levels. By analyzing the comorbidity patterns of liver diseases in different regions and establishing co-morbid co-causal patterns, this study offers a new perspective and scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

Deep learning-based radiomics of computed tomography angiography to predict adverse events after initial endovascular repair for acute uncomplicated Stanford type B aortic dissection.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to construct a predictive model integrating deep learning-derived radiomic features from computed tomography angiography (CTA) and clinical biomarkers to forecast postoperative adverse events (AEs) in patients with acute uncomplicated Stanford type B aortic dissection (uTBAD) undergoing initial thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 369 patients treated with TEVAR for acute uTBAD from January 2015 to December 2022. A three-dimensional (3D) deep convolutional neural network (CNN) automated radiomic feature extraction from CTA images. Feature selection, using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithms, refined a radiomic score (Rad-Score). This score, alongside clinical parameters, was modelled via Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) analysis. Model calibration was assessed by calibration curves. RESULTS: The integration of the Rad-Score with clinical factors including albumin and C-reactive protein levels moderately enhanced predictive efficiency, exhibiting an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.000 (95%CI, 1.000-1.000) in the training cohort and 0.990 (95%CI, 0.966-1.000) in the internal validation cohort. In an independent validation cohort from another hospital, the combined model yielded an AUC of 0.985 (95%CI, 0.965-1.000), with an accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.92, 0.92, 0.94, and 0.91, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The synergistic application of deep learning-based radiomics from CTA and clinical indicators holds promise for anticipating AEs post-initial thoracic endovascular aortic repair in patients with acute uTBAD. The clinical utility of the constructed combined model, offering prognostic foresight during follow-up, has been substantiated.

SLC38A2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion by promoting glutamine metabolism in adenomyosis.

Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disorder that is associated with female infertility, a reduced clinical pregnancy rate and a high risk of miscarriage. Solute carrier family 38 member a2 (SLC38A2) is a glutamine (Gln) transporter that serves roles in various medical conditions. The present study aimed to reveal the role of SLC38A2 in adenomyosis. The mRNA expression levels of SLC38A2 in eutopic endometrial (EU) and ectopic endometrial (EC) tissues from adenomyotic patients were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. EU and EC cell proliferation and invasion were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays. Changes in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were determined to indicate the mitochondrial respiratory function and observed using a Seahorse analyzer. SLC38A2 expression in EC tissues was upregulated compared with that in normal endometrial tissues. SLC38A2 knockdown repressed EC cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, the Gln content and OCR were decreased in EC cells transfected with SLC38A2-knockdown lentivirus, whereas SLC38A2 overexpression had the opposite effect in EU cells. Furthermore, the increased proliferation and invasion rates and Gln level induced by SLC38A2 overexpression in EU cells were alleviated by CB-839, a glutaminase inhibitor. SLC38A2 overexpression promoted Gln metabolism and oxygen consumption rate, resulting in an increase in cell proliferation and invasion in the adenomyosis context. The present study indicated that reduction of SLC38A2 expression could be a novel target for adenomyosis therapy, and SLC38A2 may be a valuable clinical diagnostic molecule for adenomyosis.

Prevalence and risk factors for astigmatism in 7 to 19-year-old students in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for astigmatism in 7-19-year-old students in Xinjiang, China. METHODS: A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on students who underwent refraction examination in Xinjiang, China, between May and December 2019. The prevalence of astigmatism was determined. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power (C) ≤-0.75 D, undefined astigmatism as ≤-1.50 D, and high astigmatism as C ≤-3.00 D. Astigmatism types were: against-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian in 180° ± 30°), with-the-rule astigmatism (maximum refraction of the main meridian at 90°±30°), and oblique astigmatism (all other cases). RESULTS: Of the 71,838 students examined (51.0% boys, 7 - 19 years old), 25,945 (36.1%, 95%CI: 35.52-36.68%) had astigmatism and 1267 (1.8%, 95%CI: 1.07-2.53%) had high astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism was greater in Han individuals (39.6%) compared with the Hui (34.0%), Kazakh (34.0%), Kyrgyz (32.1%), and Uyghur (26.4%) populations. Among the 25,945 students with astigmatism, 19,947 had with-the-rule astigmatism (76.9%), 3405 had against-the-rule astigmatism (13.1%), and 2593 had oblique astigmatism (10.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity (Han individuals more susceptible), male gender, age, and refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia) were independently associated with astigmatism, high astigmatism, and with-the-rule astigmatism (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of astigmatism among children and adolescents in Xinjiang was 36.1%, including 1.8% of high astigmatism. In this population, astigmatism was mainly of the with-the-rule astigmatism type (76.9%). Han ethnicity, male gender, and myopia or hyperopia were independently associated with a high risk of astigmatism.

mRNA-Seq of testis and liver tissues reveals a testis-specific gene and alternative splicing associated with hybrid male sterility in dzo.

Alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in the co-transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during mammalian spermatogenesis. The dzo is the male F1 offspring of an interspecific hybrid between a domestic bull (Bos taurus ♂) and a yak (Bos grunniens ♀) which exhibits male sterility. This study aimed to identify the testis-specific genes and AS associated with hybrid male sterility in dzo. The iDEP90 program and rMATS software were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differential alternative splicing genes (DSG) based on RNA-seq data from the liver (n=9) and testis (n=6) tissues of domestic cattle, yak, and dzo. Splicing factors (SF) were obtained from the AmiGO2 and the NCBI databases, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the differentially expressed SFs and DSGs. We focused on the testis-specific DEGs and DSGs between dzo and cattle and yak. Among the top 3000 genes with the most significant variations between these 15 samples, a large number of genes showed testis-specific expression involved with spermatogenesis. Cluster analysis showed that the expression levels of these testis-specific genes were dysregulated during mitosis with a burst downregulation during the pachynema spermatocyte stage. The occurrence of AS events in the testis was about 2.5 fold greater than in the liver, with exon skipping being the major AS event (81.89~82.73%). A total of 74 DSGs were specifically expressed in the testis and were significantly enriched during meiosis I, synapsis, and in the piRNA biosynthesis pathways. Notably, STAG3 and DDX4 were of the exon skipping type, and DMC1 was a mutually exclusive exon. A total of 36 SFs were significantly different in dzo testis, compared with cattle and yak. DDX4, SUGP1, and EFTUD2 were potential SFs leading to abnormal AS of testis-specific genes in dzo. These results show that AS of testis-specific genes can affect synapsis and the piRNA biosynthetic processes in dzo, which may be important factors associated with hybrid male sterility in dzo.

Seafood waste derived Pt/Chitin nanocatalyst for efficient hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds.

The fabrication of reliable, reusable and efficient catalyst is crucial for the conversion of nitroaromatic compounds into more chemically valuable amine-based molecules. In this study, a series of chitin supported platinum (Pt) catalysts with high catalytic activity, stability, and reusability were developed by using chitin derived from seafood waste as raw materials. The catalytic performance differences among these catalysts activated by different methods were investigated by hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds. The results showed that the multilayer hierarchical pore structure and abundance of hydroxyl and acetamido groups in chitin provided ample anchoring sites for Pt nanoparticles (NPs), ensuring the high dispersion of Pt NPs. Moreover, the interconnected channels between chitin nanofibrous microspheres facilitated rapid transport of reaction substrates. The best Pt/Chitin catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity and broad substrate applicability in hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds. Significantly, even after 20 runs, no discernible deactivation of activity was observed, demonstrating exceptional catalytic reusability. The application of seafood waste-based catalysts is conducive to the development of a green/sustainable society.

Dual RNA sequencing of Helicobacter pylori and host cell transcriptomes reveals ontologically distinct host-pathogen interaction.

Helicobacter pylori is a highly successful pathogen that poses a substantial threat to human health. However, the dynamic interaction between H. pylori and the human gastric epithelium has not been fully investigated. In this study, using dual RNA sequencing technology, we characterized a cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA)-modulated bacterial adaption strategy by enhancing the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes, metQ and HP_0888, upon coculturing with human gastric epithelial cells. We observed a general repression of electron transport-associated genes by cagA, leading to the activation of oxidative phosphorylation. Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures revealed the downregulation of multiple splicing regulators due to bacterial infection, resulting in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to H. pylori infection. Moreover, we demonstrated a protective effect of gastric H. pylori colonization against chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistically, we identified a cluster of propionic and butyric acid-producing bacteria, Muribaculaceae, selectively enriched in the colons of H. pylori-pre-colonized mice, which may contribute to the restoration of intestinal barrier function damaged by DSS treatment. Collectively, this study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of H. pylori during its dynamic interaction with gastric epithelial cells and provides new insights into strategies through which H. pylori promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium. IMPORTANCE: Simultaneous profiling of the dynamic interaction between Helicobacter pylori and the human gastric epithelium represents a novel strategy for identifying regulatory responses that drive pathogenesis. This study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of H. pylori when cocultured with gastric epithelial cells, revealing a bacterial adaptation strategy and a general repression of electron transportation-associated genes, both of which were modulated by cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA). Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures dissected the aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to H. pylori infection. We demonstrated a protective effect of gastric H. pylori colonization against chronic DSS-induced colitis through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of how H. pylori promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium and provide evidence to identify targets for antimicrobial therapies.

Speed-enhanced scattering compensation method with sub-Nyquist sampling.

A rapid feedback-based scattering compensation method is particularly important for guiding light precisely within turbid tissues, especially the dynamic tissues. However, the huge number of measurements that come from the underutilization of the signal frequency channel greatly limits the modulation speed. This paper introduces a rapid compensation method with the sub-Nyquist sampling which improves the channel utilization and the speed of wavefront shaping. The number of measurements is reduced to ∼1500 with 32 × 32 freedom, and the PBR of the focus reaches ∼200. The system performances are demonstrated by focusing the light through brain slices of different thicknesses.

Impact of multimorbidity patterns on outcomes and treatment in patients with coronary artery disease.

Aims: With an aging population and better survival rates, coronary artery disease (CAD) with multimorbidity has become more prevalent, complicating treatment and impacting life quality and longevity. This study identifies multimorbidity patterns in CAD patients and their effect on clinical outcomes, emphasizing treatment strategies. Methods and results: The study analysed data from the DCEM registry (173 459 patients) and BleeMACS cohort (15 401 patients) to categorize CAD patients into three multimorbidity patterns. The focus was on how these patterns influence outcomes, especially concerning the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). The study identified three distinct multimorbidity patterns: Class 1 encompassed cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic comorbidities indicating the highest risk; Class 2 included hypertension-dyslipidaemia comorbidities, reflecting intermediate risk; and Class 3 involved non-specific comorbidities, indicating the lowest risk. Class 1 patients demonstrated a six-fold increase in in-hospital mortality and a four-fold increase in severe in-hospital complications compared with Class 3. Over a 1-year period, Class 1 was associated with the highest risk, displaying a significant increase in all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52-2.31, P < 0.001] and a notable risk for major bleeding (adjusted HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.36-2.24, P < 0.001) compared with Class 3. The use of DAPT, particularly aspirin combined with clopidogrel, significantly reduced the 1-year all-cause mortality in Class 1 patients (adjusted HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.98, P = 0.04) without increasing in major bleeding. Conclusion: Coronary artery disease patients with a cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic profile face the highest mortality risk. Targeted DAPT, especially aspirin and clopidogrel, effectively lowers mortality without significantly raising bleeding risks. Registration: DCEM registry (NCT05797402) and BleeMACS registry (NCT02466854).

Homochiral π-Rich Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabled Chirality Imprinting in Conjugated Polymers: Confined Polymerization and Chiral Memory from Scratch.

Optically active π-conjugated polymers (OACPs) have garnered increasing research interest for their resemblance to biological helices and intriguing chirality-related functions. Traditional methods for synthesizing involve decorating achiral conjugated polymer architectures with enantiopure side substituents through complex organic synthesis. Here, we report a new approach: the templated synthesis of unsubstituted OACPs via supramolecularly confined polymerizations of achiral monomers within nanopores of 2D or 3D chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs). We show that the chiral π-rich nanospaces facilitate the in situ enantiospecific polymerization and self-propagation, akin to nonenzymatic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, resulting in chiral imprinting. The stacked polymer chains are kinetically inert enough to memorize the chiral information after liberating from CCOFs, and even after treatment at temperature up to 200 °C. The isolated OACPs demonstrate robust enantiodiscrimination, achieving up to 85 % ee in separating racemic amino acids. This underscores the potential of utilizing CCOFs as templates for supramolecularly imprinting optical activity into CPs, paving the way for synthetic evolution and advanced functional exploration of OACPs.

Nicotinamide protects against diabetic kidney disease through regulation of Sirt1.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of nicotinamide (Nam) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in mice and explore its mechanism. METHODS: Thirty DBA/2 J mice were randomly assigned to three groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia induced by streptozocin (STZ), Nam and saline were administrated to STZ + Nam and STZ + NS mice, respectively, for 8 weeks. Non-diabetic mice (NDM) were used as control group. Twenty In2-/- Akita mice were randomly divided into two groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia, Nam and saline were administered to Akita + Nam and Akita + NS mice, respectively, for 6 weeks. Wild-type littermates were used as control group. Markers of renal injury were analyzed, and the molecular mechanisms were explored in human proximal tubular HK2 cells. RESULTS: Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) decreased in the STZ + Nam and Akita + Nam groups. Pathological analysis showed that Nam improved the structure of glomerular basement membrane, ameliorated glomerular sclerosis, and decreased the accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen. Compared to the diabetic control group, renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were reduced in the Nam-treated mice. The expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in human proximal tubular HK2 cells was inhibited by high glucose and Nam treatment enhanced its expression. However, in HK2 cells with Sirt1 knockdown, the protective effect of Nam was abolished, indicating that the beneficial effect of Nam was partially dependent on Sirt1. CONCLUSIONS: Nam has a renoprotective effect against renal injury caused by hyperglycemia and may be a potential target for the treatment of DKD.

Efficient Adsorption of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Wastewater by Biochar.

Nitrogen and phosphorus play essential roles in ecosystems and organisms. However, with the development of industry and agriculture in recent years, excessive N and P have flowed into water bodies, leading to eutrophication, algal proliferation, and red tides, which are harmful to aquatic organisms. Biochar has a high specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and porous structure, which can effectively adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus in water, thus reducing environmental pollution, achieving the reusability of elements. This article provides an overview of the preparation of biochar, modification methods of biochar, advancements in the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by biochar, factors influencing the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in water by biochar, as well as reusability and adsorption mechanisms. Furthermore, the difficulties encountered and future research directions regarding the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by biochar were proposed, providing references for the future application of biochar in nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption.

Antinociceptive iridoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Paederia foetida.

Two previously undescribed iridoid glycosides, 6'-O-trans-feruloyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-3ß-ethoxypaederoside (1) and 6'-O-trans-caffeoyl-(4S,6R)-3,4-dihydro-2'-O-3α-paederoside (2), were isolated from the 90% EtOH extract of the air dried aerial parts of Paederia Foetida. Structural elucidation of all the compounds was performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. The two isolated iridoid glycosides were tested in vivo for their antinociceptive properties. As a result, 2 showed potent antinociceptive effect and its ID50 value (53.4 µmol/kg) was 2-fold less than those of the positive control drugs aspirin and acetaminophen.

Postprocedural Anticoagulation After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.

BACKGROUND: Postprocedural anticoagulation (PPA) is frequently administered after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, although no conclusive data support this practice. METHODS: The RIGHT trial (Comparison of Anticoagulation Prolongation vs no Anticoagulation in STEMI Patients After Primary PCI) was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority trial conducted at 53 centers in China. Patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned by center to receive low-dose PPA or matching placebo for at least 48 hours. Before trial initiation, each center selected 1 of 3 PPA regimens (40 mg of enoxaparin once daily subcutaneously; 10 U·kg·h of unfractionated heparin intravenously, adjusted to maintain activated clotting time between 150 and 220 seconds; or 0.2 mg·kg·h of bivalirudin intravenously). The primary efficacy objective was to demonstrate superiority of PPA to reduce the primary efficacy end point of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, stent thrombosis (definite), or urgent revascularization (any vessel) within 30 days. The key secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of each specific anticoagulation regimen (enoxaparin, unfractionated heparin, or bivalirudin) on the primary efficacy end point. The primary safety end point was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 to 5 bleeding at 30 days. RESULTS: Between January 10, 2019, and September 18, 2021, a total of 2989 patients were randomized. The primary efficacy end point occurred in 37 patients (2.5%) in both the PPA and placebo groups (hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.63 to 1.57]). The incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 to 5 bleeding did not differ between the PPA and placebo groups (8 [0.5%] vs 11 [0.7%] patients; hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.30 to 1.83]). CONCLUSIONS: Routine PPA after primary percutaneous coronary intervention was safe but did not reduce 30-day ischemic events. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03664180.